Scorpions, with their ancient lineage and intimidating appearance, hold a unique fascination. While often perceived as dangerous, certain species can make interesting, low-maintenance pets for the right owner. However, responsible ownership requires thorough research and a commitment to safety.

Why Keep Scorpions?

People are drawn to scorpions for various reasons:

  • Unique Appeal: They are visually striking and different from typical furry or feathered pets.
  • Low Maintenance: Compared to many pets, scorpions require infrequent feeding and minimal daily interaction.
  • Space Efficient: Most species don’t require large enclosures.
  • Educational: Observing their behavior, hunting, and molting can be highly educational.

However, they are not cuddly pets and are best suited for observation rather than interaction.

Choosing the Right Species

This is the most critical step. Scorpion species vary greatly in temperament, size, environmental needs, and, crucially, venom potency. Beginners should always start with species known for mild venom and docile temperaments.

Recommended Beginner Species:

  • Emperor Scorpion (Pandinus imperator): Large, impressive, generally docile, and possesses relatively mild venom (often compared to a bee sting). They are communal in some cases but often best kept singly.
  • Asian Forest Scorpion (Heterometrus spp.): Similar in appearance and care to Emperor Scorpions, also known for mild venom and calmer nature.
  • Desert Hairy Scorpion (Hadrurus arizonensis): Native to North America, large, and visually interesting. Their venom is mild, but they can be more defensive than Emperors.

Species to Avoid (Especially for Beginners):

Species from the Buthidae family, such as Deathstalkers (Leiurus quinquestriatus), Fat-Tailed Scorpions (Androctonus spp.), and Arizona Bark Scorpions (Centruroides sculpturatus), possess medically significant venom that can be dangerous or even fatal to humans. These are strictly for experienced keepers with extensive safety protocols.

Venom Risk: ALWAYS research the specific species you intend to keep. Understand the potential effects of its venom and whether antivenom exists or is readily available (though the goal is never to be stung). Assume ALL scorpions can sting.

Enclosure Setup

Proper housing is essential for a scorpion’s health and your safety.

  • Tank Type: Glass or plastic tanks with secure, tight-fitting lids are ideal. Good ventilation is necessary, but escape routes must be blocked. A 10-gallon tank is often sufficient for a single adult of many common species.
  • Substrate: Varies by species. Desert species need sand or a sand/soil mix. Forest species need moisture-retaining substrates like coco fiber, peat moss, or cypress mulch (kept damp, not wet). Substrate should be deep enough for burrowing species (4-6 inches).
  • Hides: Crucial for security. Provide multiple hiding spots using cork bark, flat stones, broken terracotta pots, or reptile hides.
  • Temperature & Humidity: Research species-specific needs. Many common species thrive at room temperature (70-80°F / 21-27°C), while some may require supplemental heat (using under-tank heaters on one side). Humidity levels vary; forest species need higher humidity than desert species. Use a hygrometer and thermometer.
  • Decor: Keep it simple. Avoid items the scorpion could get trapped in. Fake plants can add cover.

Feeding and Watering

  • Diet: Scorpions are carnivores, primarily eating insects. Crickets, roaches (like Dubia), and mealworms are common staples. Prey items should generally be no larger than 2/3 the scorpion’s body length.
  • Feeding Frequency: Adults typically eat 1-3 appropriately sized prey items once or twice a week. Juveniles eat more often. Remove uneaten prey after 24 hours to prevent stress or injury to the scorpion (especially during molting).
  • Water: Provide a shallow, stable water dish. Use bottle caps or very shallow dishes for smaller scorpions to prevent drowning. Some keepers prefer to mist the enclosure lightly (especially for forest species) instead of using a dish, allowing the scorpion to drink droplets. Ensure the enclosure doesn’t become waterlogged.

Handling and Safety

Handling pet scorpions is generally not recommended, especially for beginners. It offers no benefit to the scorpion and increases the risk of stings for the handler.

  • Observation is Key: Enjoy your scorpion by observing its natural behaviors within the enclosure.
  • Necessary Movement: If you must move the scorpion (e.g., for cleaning), use long (12+ inch) forceps or tongs specifically designed for handling reptiles/invertebrates, or gently coax the scorpion into a separate container.
  • Secure Lid: Always ensure the enclosure lid is securely fastened to prevent escapes. Scorpions can be surprisingly good climbers.
  • Know the Risks: Even mild stings can cause pain, swelling, and potential allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Treat every scorpion with respect and caution.

Safety First: Never handle a scorpion with bare hands. Always be aware of the scorpion’s location when your hands are inside the enclosure for maintenance.

Health and Molting

  • Molting: Scorpions shed their exoskeleton to grow. During the pre-molt period, they may refuse food, become lethargic, and hide more. It’s crucial not to disturb them during or immediately after molting, as their new exoskeleton is soft and vulnerable. Ensure adequate humidity during this time. Remove any live prey.
  • Signs of Illness: Lethargy (outside of pre-molt), difficulty moving, visible parasites (mites), dehydration (shriveled appearance), or injury require attention. Finding vets experienced with invertebrates can be challenging.
  • Lifespan: Varies greatly by species, ranging from 3-8 years for many common pet species, with some potentially living longer.

Keeping scorpions can be a rewarding hobby for dedicated enthusiasts who prioritize research and safety. By choosing the right species and providing proper care, you can successfully keep these fascinating arachnids.